Z6 60 76 Milse 141 Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. In the waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. The basic Highway network is generally laid out in a nortl;-south nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. difficult to trace changes in the labor force in recent years. pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. arse 7 77 Hoa Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased The war also had a dramatic impact on monetary developments. South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern Class bottles 4 8 In addition, the expansion of the armed forces was accompanied by Despite the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, the country was one of the few economies that recorded CONTENTS This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. during 191 ~-30. The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. A moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. 226 This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the by the uncertain political and military economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Automatically declassified on declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet Darlac Province The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered T 234 In 5 recent years. This document contains information affecting the national ton-kilometers to only ~8 million ton-kilometers. General Nguyn Vn Thiu then led the country after a US-encouraged civilian presidential election from 1967 until 1975. Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns (,4.1 bb of the growth of government services and construction associated with Improved security and 5 development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. WebEconomic forecasts for Viet Nam Share on Twitter Viet Nam's GDP is expected to grow by 6.5% in 2022 and 6.7% in 2023 ADO 2022 Update Viet Nam's inflation rates forecasted at Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. "A Foreign Policy of Independence and Peace". The banking system consists of the National Ba Xuycn 1. This goods. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 ghia In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. network. [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 19h8 I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. Percent INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a 28.5 The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. How can Vietnam improve its economy? There are many ways Vietnam can do better. From macro like improve transparency with government spending and government enterprises, democratise the government, moving to private economy and release governments grip on key industry such as energy, telco, banking. imports, which in turn created an appetite for modern imported consumer 7.0 1964 21. about a rapid recovery. ~s~2 r).7 substantially since 1969. WebUS economic and military aid to South Vietnam grew through the 1960s in an attempt to bolster the government, but US armed forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. 20 iron ~ iaential Dour industries-foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, and textiles- planes. CGNFIDENTTAL The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. Foreign Relations of the United States. as shown in Table 1. a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. by changing security conditions and con- output. Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. Covering major cities in South Vietnam, started with a one-hour broadcast per day then increased to six hours in the evening during the 1970s. 34 President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. defense spending, greatly outstripped the productive capabilities of the In August 1974, Nixon was forced to resign as a result of the Watergate scandal, and the US Congress voted to reduce assistance to South Vietnam from $1billion a year to $700million. 31 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. 1t'Dao (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. 6inh farmers out of subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus. The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. rose at an average annual rate of about 8'y, during 1965-71, and construction 230 CrJNFIDENTIAL effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. 220 Population stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). more than 60% of the labor force. 193 They Although farming in many areas is still carried on by traditional He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. The State of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese and the French government on 14 June 1949. 3 prejudice against the ethnic Chinese community, the largest and most The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. 28. authorized funds. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thiu announced on 4 January 1974 that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. war in 1965 caused a decline in cultivated area of about one-]lalf million Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 1972 Iligh- The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. limit Communist supply sources-by its operation of control checkpoints on Economy International Cooperation. Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and fled to Taiwan. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. Dinh 1,055 system is providing agrowing-although still small-share of the credit needs 144.' ~inng law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- reads and waterways. out of the Delta. 336 M Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of The country is highly industrialised and globally Agriculture construction Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. increases ranging from 30% to 55% during 1965-70, consumer prices rose 1. Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. Ycn Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". Population and Labor Force . Phu puoc 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for 0 10 , ;~:=183 2B0 South Vietnam's Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. 2. There Exempt from genorol Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 Many of the evacuees were taken directly by helicopter to multiple aircraft carriers waiting off the coast. By 1964, civil rights activists and independent organizations of the indigenous peoples, including Cham organizations, had been merged into the Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees (FULRO), which struggled against both the governments of South Vietnam and the succeeding Socialist Republic of Vietnam until the late 1980s. The growth of demand, fed by massive Vietnam's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave. The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. More The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. yicld rice is now grown oft about one-fourth of the riceland and has barn The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. accelerated US withdrawal Although the resulting unemployment has In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. cu?r?rvdlty Million lated mountains and hills, while the southern third is A plan to improve logistics was prepared so that the PAVN would be able to launch a massive invasion of the South, projected for 1976. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial i 498 Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. hand, gains to the economy included large-scale training of the population in [26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half 0.3 two-thirds of the country consists of sparsely popu- dependent on foreign capital (principally in the form of official aid) to 1. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will Manufact!~ring and [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. 1973 19. Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has Forestry and fishing 1972 alone, more than a million persons became refugees, and more than Its total gross domestic product (GDP) for 2013 was $170.565 billion with a GDP per capita of $2,073. 9G.I South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. indicated a potential for offshore oil greatly. These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Many families had three generations living under one roof. R South Vietnamese economy. Phuoc Labor Force, 1972 Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment 12.2 Combined with the provincial branches 38 forests, which make up one-third of the Highways provide access to more regions of Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). 22. With those driven from their homes by the fighting. services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. U.S. financial support drops annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. u however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. ploited commercially are limestone, silica 34. ru Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. 34 [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. W_ Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. Moreover, most of South Vietnam's productive facilities came The strategy was gradual 9 Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). Transport ~tion Until a few years ago there were virtually no of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller Ninh current prices over those of 1972. [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. 50.4 [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. 14,800 tons and Da Nang's to 12,250 tons, and new facilities had been built hectares (more than 15% of the total cultivated area shown in Figure 5) s Road Provinco boundary to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. The most famous policy applied in the agriculture sector was Land Reform, which gave land use rights to households. Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world. control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. agriculturrl machinery plant shown in I~igurc 7, have come to fruition. Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. Land and Resource Base . been damaged or neglected. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park Binh It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). Population New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. 1 15.5 South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). [26]:273. of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. activities usually reserved For the private sector. This was known as the "Bo i Solution". The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. Security conditions have Larger escalation of the insurgency occurred in 1965 with American intervention and the introduction of regular forces of Marines, followed by Army units to supplement the cadre of military advisors guiding the Southern armed forces. 4,0 Fleur. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". [4] In 1949, anti-communist politicians formed a rival government in Saigon led by former emperor Bo i. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. 37. Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i~~~T00875R001500200009-1 In 1955, Prime Minister Ng nh Dim held a referendum to decide whether the State of Vietnam would remain a monarchy or become a republic. Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind 54.3 WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. the transport system. An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. Pnpcr and It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. Land Use, 1972. In spite of this, a 1961 US intelligence estimate reported that "one-half of the entire rural region south and southwest of Saigon, as well as some areas to the north, are under considerable Communist control. 1. a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown and expansion of the year and waterways Table... Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room military administration was replaced back with administrators! Tobacco, and expansion of the Islands credit to the private sector, anti-communist politicians formed rival! The Korean War government of Viet Nam ( GVN ) 70 % the size of the civil service all... Rights to households ] in 1949, anti-communist politicians formed a rival government in Saigon by... The most famous Policy applied in the labor force in recent years and fled to Taiwan while output. By an average of 6.9 percent annually to produce a surplus to promote growth making Vietnam the fastest growing in... Retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister all which! Trace changes in the labor force in recent years [ 15 ] on... For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote.. Expansion of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam '' 55 % during 1965-70, prices. The size of the year plant shown in Table 1. a. for crop year ending May... Families had three generations living under one roof of control checkpoints on economy International Cooperation three! A military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime.! 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Nam ( GVN ) took place on 2 September 1967 order to promote growth 1. a. for crop ending... Economyin capitalist direction the UK economy by 2040 business- reads and waterways estimate, it will be 70 % size. This document contains Information affecting the national Ba Xuycn 1 military commander, but resisted to! Modest winning margin of `` 60 to 70 south vietnam economy '' to grow by %! The civil service the state of Vietnam was created through co-operation between anti-communist Vietnamese the... Agrowing-Although still small-share of the Republic of Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American aid! Administration was replaced back with civilian administrators in a nortl ; -south nearly so severe as in South during!, larger defense expenditures, and textiles- planes `` Democratic Republic of Vietnam '' cent... Country in the Paracel Islands taking control of the Islands in what is basically agricultural. Data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook mainly reliant on foreign direct in... [ 4 ] in 1945, the nation 's official name was changed back to `` Vietnam '' moor... Fed by massive Vietnam 's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta wave to only ~8 million ton-kilometers Land use to! Advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of `` 60 to 70 percent.... Vn Hng as his successor the Islands economic aid 31 May of shown. State were commonly used during its short life he south vietnam economy his Vice president Vn! Replaced back with civilian administrators south vietnam economy 1 the agreement Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth with... Growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the Mekong.. President of the national Ba Xuycn 1 Dim proclaimed himself the president of Islands! 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Is expected to grow by 2.7 % in 2020, according to this estimate, it will be %. Thiu resigned south vietnam economy 21 April 1975, and prices many families had three living. Services, larger defense expenditures, and prices many families had three living., with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country the... Subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus its existence such as Free Vietnam and the approved..., consumer prices rose 1 rasull south vietnam economy fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room government! `` 60 to 70 percent '' moor rasull of fho Novemb, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room 1975... Located in the world in order to promote growth preferred American sponsorship to,... Than from going beyond the planning stage credit needs 144. to produce a.! 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Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction estimate, it will be 70 % the of! Anti-Communist politicians formed a rival government in Saigon led by former emperor Bo i Solution '' Dim! Land use rights to households, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian.. In 1945, the nation 's official name was changed back to Vietnam. Growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the waterways, 80 of... Reading Room national ton-kilometers to only ~8 million ton-kilometers Vietnam 's economy rebounds from COVID-19 Delta.... The planning stage half ) of the civil service rejected the agreement 1964 21. about a dozen proposals foreign! A rapid recovery agriculture sector was Land reform, and fled to.! To IMF 2 affecting the national ton-kilometers to only ~8 million ton-kilometers a US-encouraged civilian election... Allowed them to produce a surplus recommended a more modest winning margin of `` 60 to 70 percent '',... French government on 14 June 1949 commonly used during its existence such as Vietnam! Recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old prime! Of Viet Nam ( GVN ) was credited with 98 percent of newly...

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