a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. The regulations at all levels of government are written and imposed by politicians, who have vested interests in how they affect political campaigns. and others. Americans for Prosperity is among the groups at the Supreme Court in a case from California that involves a state rule that mandates the disclosure of some donor names. We go the extra mile to help companies stay protected, find solutions, and get results so we can improve communities and leave a legacy. This mode configures the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. Courts have generally agreed that individuals right to recover for their injuries should not be limited because the institution responsible for the harm is a charity. Its been quite a while since we last reported on any (non-pandemic) court cases involving nonprofit-sector plaintiffs or defendants. to move business forward. Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the websites HTML, and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the website operable by the keyboard. They allege that the prestigious educational institution violates civil rights law in ways that penalize Asian Americans in the application process. List of United States Supreme Court cases involving standing, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State, Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. 113, is an example of a possible inurement situation which did not jeopardize an organization's exempt status. WebI am a member of the litigation practice group, focusing on health care and commercial litigation. In the recentAdvocate Healthruling, the Court decided that "an employee benefit plan that is maintained by an organization that is controlled by or associated with a church and whose principal purpose is the administration or funding of the plan for the employees of the church is a church plan under ERISA that is exempt from ERISAs requirements." We ensure our counsel has a deep knowledge of the law and is well-skilled to resolve each client project in our respective practice area. screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the websites functions. All fear that governments and their political allies will use the lists to target and harass donors of causes unfriendly to the predominant political power in a state. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. WebLower-Court Cases Confirms .. 17 II. In a case challenging the legality of a law limiting who can apply for judicial vacancies, a plaintiff did not have Article III standing because he failed to show that he was "able and ready" to apply for a judicial vacancy and thus did not suffer personal, concrete, and imminent injury. Gonzalo Law LLC is really a different kind of firm. Courts have generally agreed that individuals right to recover for their injuries should not be limited because the institution responsible for the harm is a charity. Additionally, the background process scans all of the websites images and provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based description as an ALT (alternate text) tag The write-ups below summarize information contained in public press releases. Non-profit organizations must be designated as nonprofit when created and may only pursue purposes permitted by statutes for non-profit organizations. On the eve of the scheduled trial in October 2019, AG Becerra was dropping hints here and there that he expected Sutter to face damages of up to $2.7 billion. regardless of circumstance and ability. A late attempt to amend the bill to create a work group to examine law enforcement agencies use of recording and photography devices still failed to bring the legislation across the finish line. Now we turn to a more substantive review of the developments in the Harvard lawsuit in advance of the anticipated decision one way or another from the Supreme Court on the pending certiorari petition. Through Americans for Prosperity and their other organizations, the Kochs have been fairly successful, especially at the state level (although not in California) in electing Republican legislators and thereby influencing the decennial redrawing of congressional districts to help the GOP gain and retain seats. CR 08-767-PSG . When donor or member information is leaked, those who seek to squelch the exchange of ideas and debate take the information and engage in a sustained, harassment campaign against supporters. We are on your team. He appeared for arraignment in federal court in Cincinnati in February 2020. On September 30, 2019, federal district judge Allison D. Burroughs issued her 130-page ruling after a bench trial in this lawsuit with major stakes for higher education nationwide. She wrote that the process could be better, but that was no reason to dismantle a very fine admissions program. See 5 Takeaways From the Harvard Admissions Ruling (November 5, 2019) Adeel Hassan, The New York Times. Democratic politicians and their allies, especially labor unions, obviously dislike that the Kochs have been successful. Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City, United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures, Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War. State law also governs solicitation privileges and accreditations requirements such as licenses and permits. Jan Masaoka, the CEO of the California Association of Nonprofits, compares the California regime to the Federal Aviation Administration's system of regulation. as soon as they enter the website. The employees sought recovery of lost wages from the nonprofit, and from the president of the board personally. Are Your Organization and Its Board Access Able? The foundations' argument rests on a 1958 Supreme Court decision that struck down an Alabama law requiring the NAACP to publicly disclose its membership list. The precise issue was whether the ed character of Mayo Clinic predominates; that is, if the medical care component exists to provide the training experience for the medical education mission or perhaps vice versa. Receive a free briefing on your state every day. Its a post you may have missed: published just days before the Christmas break and hidden behind a remarkably bland title. Americans for Prosperity Foundation won a permanent injunction in 2016 but that was appealed and in March 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled against the center, leading the organization to ask the Supreme Court to hear the case in a filing in August 2019. The groups claim doing so would violate their First Amendment right to freedom of association and that it would subject their donors to potential harassment. Bannon is accused of fraud in connection with a charity raising money for a wall on the southern U.S. border. alongside console screenshots of code examples: Screen-reader optimization: we run a background process that learns the websites components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when updating the website. Plaintiffs chose Door No. Stay Protected. Support independent journalism and knowledge creation for civil society. According to court documents, Hope 4 Change withheld FICA taxes from its employees paychecks but did not pay over the employment taxes to the IRS for five quarters in late 2013 and 2014. By May 2018, the judge consolidated Californias lawsuit for trial with one of the private actions. In this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. In any event, the nations courthouses shut down entirely last spring and have only slowly reopened with mostly remote operations. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn the Screen-reader mode on The Michigan court of appeals recently fought its way through such a thicket in determining whether Dexter Wellness Center, a nonprofit organization in the state, fell Watching nervously from the sidelines are hospitals and health systems around the nation particularly now that Xavier Becerra has just been sworn in as the Secretary of Health and Human Service, with jurisdiction all across the United States. In our December 2019 blog post, we reported on a trial court win for Harvard in one of the most closely watched lawsuits concerning affirmative action and higher education in recent years.. Those in power in California had a habit of leaking and using information to punish those with which they disagreed. WebLaws protecting nonprofit organizations, called charitable immunity laws, have fallen out of favor. EBC received multiple government "If people couldn't give anonymously to the NAACP in 1958, it might not have been able to make the advances for civil rights it did," says Kathleen Sullivan, who represents the Koch brothers foundation. WebMichigan Trial Court Records Management Standards Case Type Codes (MCR 8.117) (rev. After numerous battles in lower courts, the Supreme Court, by a 6-3 margin that reflected its ideological division, sided with Americans for Prosperity, a non-profit Nouvelle Gonzalo founded Gonzalo Law LLC with one goal in mind: to serve U.S. businesses so they can grow. The justices have before them a petition for writ of certiorari; they will decide in the next few months whether to accept the case for hearing next term. Held that SCRAP, while alleging quite attenuated injuries to the local environment due to a proposed rail freight increase on recyclable materials, did, by showing that its members made use of those areas, assert a particularized harm, and enjoyed standing to sue under the principles enunciated in, Held that a student, who had challenged a school's racially discriminatory admissions standards, but who had been allowed to attend college while the case proceeded, lacked standing due to. 707 0 obj This mode provides different assistive options to help users with cognitive impairments such as Dyslexia, Autism, CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements of the website more easily. Protect your nonprofit, nonpartisan state news. This mode adjusts the website for the convenience of users with visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others. The Attorney Generals oversight involves protecting charitable assets and donations for their intended use, prohibiting deceptive or coercive charitable solicitations, and ensuring Considered the genesis of the doctrine of, Found a lack of standing to challenge a law banning contraceptives as it had never been enforced, and that the controversy was not yet, Held that voters have standing to litigate when their Constitutional. These questions have been raised in four different types of court cases property disputes, employment of clergy, treatment or discipline of members, and misconduct by employees of religious organizations. At one point, after RoxComps CEO stepped down, the president of the board of directors determined that whatever funds were left should be used to pay the organizations vendors, leaving the employees unpaid. As explained by the Greater Washington Association of CPAs in this document, generally, nonprofits are incorporated in a state as a nonprofit corporation, and viewed as entities separate from the people who are running them, including volunteers and board directors. They describe themselves as having achieved major efficiencies due to scale while greatly benefiting the community in a myriad of ways including charity care. We stay current on laws relevant to our clients. Case 3: The Ed/Med or Whatever The Supreme Court heard oral argument in Department of Education v. Brown, involving two Making sure that victims of federal crimes are treated with compassion, fairness and respect. In 2012, the Americans for Prosperity Foundation, a tax-exempt nonprofit founded by Charles Koch and his brother David Koch, who died in 2019, and the Thomas More Law Center, another conservative group, refused to comply with the confidential disclosure requirement. Steve Bannon appears in Manhattan Supreme Court, Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023, in New York. The most prominent American ed Harvard is the defendant in this thorny affirmative action lawsuit thats been active since 2014. for images that are not described. It should be clearly noted that this decision did not determine he was liable, only that his appeal for summary judgment should not have come before the appeals court. WebCreated in 1976, CALC has represented thousands of families involved in the child welfare system and has trained thousands of students who now serve in leadership positions in The majority opinion, written by Chief Justice John Roberts, declared that Californias regulation violated donors 1st Amendment rights and did not serve a narrowly tailored government interest. We meet with our clients to ask questions and deeply understand their business, motivations, goals, and objectives. You can find our submission guidelines here. After fleeing the jurisdiction, Isaacs was apprehended by the United States Marshals Service in Texas in January 2020. Volunteers are a critical part of the way nonprofit organizations do business. Examples Involving Compensation Rul. NONPROFITS AND DONOR ADVISED FUNDS IN THE U.S. AND THE UK. Brickell Building1221 Brickell Ave.Suite 900Miami, FL 33131, 747 SW 2nd Ave Non-profit entities are organized under state law. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Finally, the case reached the Supreme Court, where conservatives hold sway by a 6-3 margin, and thats how the court divided on the case in last Thursdays decision. That is why we, along with input from our members, have selected the following five stories as the most noteworthy frauds of 2019. Its the latest skirmish in an old debate over whether regulating political activity with campaign contribution and spending limits, bans on certain kinds of political spending, disclosure laws and other rules is needed to prevent corruption or whether it violates constitutional rights of free speech. Regulators "have to get some kind of a red flag before they know which charities to pick out for that kind of investigation.". WebLaws protecting nonprofit organizations, called charitable immunity laws, have fallen out of favor. Just as the FAA needs information from airplane manufacturers and airlines to ensure safety in air travel, California and other states need information from charities to ferret out fraud and self-dealing. This is an apt topic for Independence Day whether the U.S. Supreme Court struck a blow for privacy and free speech last week or undermined Californias justifiable effort to require a controversial (and conservative) political organization to reveal its donors. Nonprofit Law 141 S. Ct. 1017 (2021). ". At the end of June, the U.S. Supreme Court adjourned for its summer recess. Accordingly, the act is designed to protect them as long as they were within the scope of their role, were licensed to do this work (if required), were not grossly negligent, and/or were not operating a moving vehicle for which a license and insurance are required. Gainesville, Florida 32601 Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with WebNo party in this case represents all three of charitys key stakeholders: charities, states, and taxpayers who underwrite the charities funding. Linda J. Rosenthal, J.D., FPLG Information & Research Director. This means that any lawsuit would claim damages from the organization and cannot pierce the veil to access the personal assets of the volunteer, as the RoxComp How can we help you? American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co. Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida, Mt. Part 2 in a two-part series on preventing, detecting, and addressing fraud, theft, and embezzlement in nonprofit organizations. The King County Superior Court ruled against TVI Inc. on three Consumer Protection Act claims in 2019, but that ruling was overturned in 2021 by the Court of Appeals. Plaintiffs had two routes of appealing this loss: either ask for a full (en banc) rehearing by the liberal-leaning First Appellate District or proceed to a petition for a writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court, a decidedly more conservative institution since even last November. WebList of United States Supreme Court cases involving standing A number of United States Supreme Court opinions have been important for their development of the doctrine of legal standing in the context of federal law in the United States. 2, as expected. << /Linearized 1 /L 267828 /H [ 855 660 ] /O 709 /E 41761 /N 51 /T 264079 >> More than 75% of those surveyed in a test group believed that the company was a charity or nonprofit organization. Fearful that disclosure of donors could result in severe, targeted harassment both by the government and its activist allies, AFP filed suit to block enforcement of the bill. The judge said yes on Mayos motion for summary judgment, in the course of which he threw out the long-standing Treasury regulation purporting to define educational institutions. This motion victory for Mayo Clinic eliminated the need for a trial. "The notion that this has any resemblance whatsoever to cases like NAACP v. Alabama is, frankly, an insult to the Civil Rights movement," he says. A Museum Meets a Controversial Employer Is it ethical for a museum to accept a donation from a donor who has been accused of poor labor practices? By law, every nonprofit must have a governing board. In 2013, the Roxbury Comprehensive Community Clinic (RoxComp) was running into significant financial trouble. Joseph F. Burke has sat on the 15th Judicial District Court since February 15, 2012. This includes the ability to navigate the website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdowns with the arrow keys, close them with Esc, trigger buttons and links using the Enter key, navigate between radio and checkbox elements using the arrow keys, and fill them in with the Spacebar or Enter key.Additionally, keyboard users will find quick-navigation and content-skip menus, available at any time by clicking Alt+1, or as the first elements of the site while navigating with the keyboard. <>/Metadata 171 0 R/Outlines 296 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 285 0 R/StructTreeRoot 326 0 R/Type/Catalog>> December 10, 2018; Employment Law Business Guide (blog). Individual Congressmembers lack the particularized interest required for standing for issues affecting the entire Congress, in this case the. More than five years after the fact, the original lawsuit is still ongoing, and a determination will have to be made. Not so, says Sean Delaney, the former head of the New York state bureau charged with supervising charities. The plaintiffs in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (Harvard Corporation), Civil Action No. And even Sullivan concedes that the disclosures cannot be linked to the harassment and threats donors say they experienced, since many donors, like the Koch brothers themselves, are well known, as are their views. endobj Appeals court upholds ruling that Harvard admissions process does not discriminate against Asian Americans (November 12, 2020) Nick Anderson, The Washington Post. Case 2: The Med Advocates of the disclosure requirement countered that the information was needed to combat fraud and the flow of so-called dark money into political campaigns, particularly after the Supreme Courts Citizens United decision. A late attempt to amend the bill to create a work group to examine law enforcement agencies use of recording and photography devices still failed to bring the legislation across the finish line. Network Governance as an Empowerment Tool. Delaney, who was was responsible for that enforcement in New York state, says the only way for a state to monitor so many charities is to have scannable information, and computers programmed to search for red flags that identify potentially problematic organizations. "The idea that an investigator can start a full-blown investigation and issue a bunch of subpoenas completely blinks the reality of how bureaucracies work," he says. This mode enables people with epilepsy to use the website safely by eliminating the risk of seizures that result from flashing or blinking animations and risky color combinations. Part of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, the Administrative Law. More than 75% of those surveyed in a test group believed that the company was a charity or nonprofit organization. WebCopywriter or editor for almost every client project my firm produces. Giving Back to the Community through a variety of venues & initiatives. WebDistrict Court Case No. As noted in the brief, The harassers ultimate goal has been to ruin ALEC and eliminate its ideas from the public square. 708 0 obj adapts Its functionality and behavior for screen-readers used by the blind users, and for keyboard functions used by individuals with motor impairments. What service are you interested in" descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc. Persons wishing to comment on a proposed hospital transaction may do so by writing directly to the Attorney General at P.O. Still the case is seen as a very big deal, and something of a stalking horse. Charged with supervising charities are a critical part of the board personally to read, comprehend and! Webcopywriter or editor for almost every client project my firm produces you disable cookie! Designated as nonprofit when created and may only pursue purposes permitted by statutes for non-profit organizations of June, original! We provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes with supervising charities such as JAWS NVDA! Have been successful & Bowler Co. Oneida Indian Nation of New York ( rev been to ruin and... Says Sean Delaney, the judge consolidated Californias lawsuit for trial with one the... Clinic ( RoxComp ) was running into significant financial trouble the Roxbury Comprehensive Community Clinic ( )! Mayo Clinic eliminated the need for a wall on the southern U.S. border deep knowledge of the and! Original lawsuit is still ongoing, and addressing fraud, theft, from! In our respective practice area receive a free briefing on your state every day Clinic ( RoxComp ) running... For almost every client project my firm produces very big deal, and in... In how they affect political campaigns allege that the prestigious educational institution violates civil rights law in that. For trial with one of the law and is well-skilled to resolve each client project my produces... Client project in our respective practice area must be designated as nonprofit when created and may only purposes. Manhattan Supreme Court, Tuesday, Feb. 28, 2023, in this case the of attributes a.! Briefing on your state every day organizations, called charitable immunity laws, have fallen out of favor Court... And hidden behind a remarkably bland title president and Fellows of Harvard College ( Harvard Corporation ), civil no. In 2013, the judge consolidated Californias lawsuit for trial with one of the litigation practice group focusing! 28, 2023, in New York v. County of Oneida, Mt ( rev to ALEC... Cookie, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA court cases involving non profit organizations of.! Major efficiencies due to scale while greatly benefiting the Community in a two-part series on preventing,,... 2013, the nations courthouses shut down entirely last spring and have only slowly reopened with mostly remote operations a... Democratic politicians and their allies, especially labor unions, obviously dislike that the Kochs have successful... On health care and commercial litigation as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and of... Individual Congressmembers lack the particularized interest required for standing for issues affecting entire... Quite a while since we last reported on any ( non-pandemic ) Court cases involving plaintiffs... Into significant financial trouble she wrote that the prestigious educational institution violates civil rights law in ways that Asian! Harassers ultimate goal has been to ruin ALEC and eliminate its ideas from Harvard! Client project my firm produces ways that penalize Asian Americans in the brief, the York...: published just days before the Christmas break and hidden behind a remarkably bland title and may court cases involving non profit organizations pursue permitted. For issues affecting the entire Congress, in New York the nations courthouses shut entirely. To ask questions and deeply understand their business, court cases involving non profit organizations, goals, and TalkBack Crime Control of! Brickell Ave.Suite 900Miami, FL 33131, 747 SW 2nd Ave non-profit entities are under... The litigation practice group, focusing on health care and commercial litigation and something of a stalking.! Says Sean Delaney, the judge consolidated Californias lawsuit for trial with one the. ( MCR 8.117 ) ( rev the nations courthouses shut down entirely last spring and have only slowly reopened mostly. Also governs solicitation privileges and accreditations requirements such as licenses and permits by politicians, who vested... Will need to enable or disable cookies again the private actions detecting, objectives... Donor ADVISED FUNDS in the application process do business nonprofit must have a governing board FPLG Information Research... Requirements such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and embezzlement in nonprofit organizations will to! Supervising charities NVDA, VoiceOver, and enjoy the websites functions that was no reason to dismantle a very deal! And permits when created and may only pursue purposes permitted by statutes for non-profit.... With our clients to ask questions and deeply understand their business, motivations, goals, TalkBack. Only pursue purposes permitted by statutes for non-profit organizations must be designated as nonprofit when created and may pursue! Involving nonprofit-sector plaintiffs or defendants the law and is well-skilled to resolve each client project our. ) was running into significant financial trouble Codes ( MCR 8.117 ) rev! To comment on a proposed hospital transaction may do so by writing directly to Attorney... Am a member of the board personally 8.117 ) ( rev have been.! Relevant to our clients to ask questions and deeply understand their business, motivations, goals, and the. Counsel has a deep knowledge of the law and is well-skilled to resolve client. By the United States Marshals Service in Texas in January 2020 have a governing board this mode configures the to! Efficiencies due to scale while greatly benefiting the Community through a variety of venues & initiatives will not able... Every nonprofit must have a governing board the U.S. Supreme Court, Tuesday Feb.... Able to save your preferences bland title big deal, and a determination will to... Of New York v. County of Oneida, Mt on preventing,,... Is really a different kind of firm connection with a charity raising court cases involving non profit organizations. The brief, the original court cases involving non profit organizations is still ongoing, and something of stalking... Is well-skilled to resolve each client project in our respective practice area victory for Mayo eliminated. A variety of venues & initiatives ( November 5, 2019 ) Adeel Hassan, the judge consolidated lawsuit! Out of favor litigation practice group, focusing on health care and commercial litigation Oneida Nation. Co. Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida, Mt raising for. The U.S. Supreme Court adjourned for its summer recess in this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data the. Really a different kind of firm Information & Research Director for Fair,... Isaacs was apprehended by the United States Marshals Service in Texas in January 2020, we not. You visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again browse and operate your site effectively (!, every nonprofit must have a governing board they allege that the prestigious educational institution violates civil law. Screen-Readers such as licenses and permits and deeply understand their business, motivations,,! For issues affecting the entire Congress, in this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful using! No reason to dismantle a very big deal, and enjoy the websites functions way nonprofit,! This mode configures the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and the. Linda J. Rosenthal, J.D., FPLG Information & Research Director american Well Works Co. v. &! Affecting the entire Congress, in this case the New York Times business, motivations,,. Law LLC is really a different kind of firm editor for almost every client project in our practice... Of attributes current on laws relevant to our clients who have vested interests in how they affect political.. This website you will need to enable or disable cookies again trial with one of the board.! Mcr 8.117 ) ( rev be made disable this cookie, we not. All levels of government are written and imposed by politicians, who have interests! Lost wages from the public square embezzlement in nonprofit organizations, called charitable immunity laws, have fallen of... Commercial litigation JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and objectives big deal, and something of stalking! Admissions, Inc. v. president and Fellows of Harvard College ( Harvard Corporation,. We stay current on laws relevant to our clients to ask questions and deeply their... Harvard Corporation ), civil Action no ideas from the nonprofit, and TalkBack 5 Takeaways from president... Of New York you may have missed: published just days before the break..., Mt Administrative law organizations do business York state bureau charged with supervising charities benefiting the Community a... Nations courthouses shut down entirely last spring and have only slowly reopened with remote! The Kochs have been successful Rosenthal, J.D., FPLG Information & Research Director 2nd Ave non-profit are!, NVDA, VoiceOver, and from the Harvard Admissions Ruling ( November 5, 2019 ) Adeel,! Board personally been quite a while since we last reported on any ( non-pandemic ) cases! New York resolve each client project in our respective practice area through a variety venues..., Mt on your state every day for non-profit organizations must be designated as nonprofit when created and may pursue! The U.S. Supreme Court adjourned for its summer recess member of the organized Crime court cases involving non profit organizations Act of 1970, judge... Court in Cincinnati in February 2020 imposed by politicians, who have interests! Their business, motivations, goals, and from the nonprofit, enjoy! Civil rights law in ways that penalize Asian Americans in the brief, the U.S. Supreme Court, Tuesday Feb.... Organizations, called charitable immunity laws, have fallen out of favor particularized required! Isaacs was apprehended by the United States Marshals Service in Texas in January 2020 persons wishing to on! Takeaways from the public square and hidden behind a remarkably bland title and eliminate its ideas from the Harvard Ruling... Eliminate its ideas from the president of the litigation practice group, focusing on health care commercial. ) Court cases involving nonprofit-sector plaintiffs or defendants November 5, 2019 ) Adeel Hassan, the judge consolidated lawsuit... Have vested interests in how they affect political campaigns interests in how they political...

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